What is Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops in the mesothelium, the thin layer of tissue that covers and protects the majority of our internal organs, including the lungs, heart, and abdomen. This cancer is usually caused by exposure to asbestos, a fibrous mineral that was widely used in industries like construction, shipbuilding, and automotive manufacturing until the late 20th century. Asbestos fibers are very small and can easily be inhaled or ingested, where they may become trapped in the body's tissues and cause cancer over time.
Mesothelioma is a relatively rare cancer, with only about 3,000 new cases diagnosed in the United States each year. However, it is also a very aggressive cancer and difficult to treat, with a high mortality rate. Patients diagnosed with mesothelioma typically have a life expectancy of 12 to 21 months, depending on the stage of the cancer and other factors.
There are three main types of mesothelioma based on the location of the cancer: pleural mesothelioma (the most common type, affecting the lining of the lungs), peritoneal mesothelioma (affecting the lining of the abdomen), and pericardial mesothelioma (affecting the lining of the heart). Symptoms of mesothelioma may include chest pain, shortness of breath, abdominal swelling, and weight loss.
Diagnosing mesothelioma can be challenging, as symptoms may not appear until decades after exposure to asbestos and may be mistaken for other conditions. Imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs may be used to assess the extent of the cancer, and a biopsy (taking a tissue sample) is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis.
There is currently no cure for mesothelioma, but there are several treatment options available that can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Some common treatments include surgery to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells, and immunotherapy to boost the body's natural defenses against cancer. Treatment plans may vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health and preferences.
Overall, mesothelioma is a serious and complex cancer that requires specialized care. Patients and their families should work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan and explore all available options for managing the cancer and its symptoms.
Surgery for Mesothelioma Treatment
Surgery is one of the main treatments for mesothelioma. The main aim of surgery is to remove the affected tissues and slow down the spread of cancer. The type of surgery recommended will depend on the location of the tumor in the body, as well as its size and stage of development.
There are two main surgeries that can be done for mesothelioma:
- Pleurectomy/decortication (P/D)
- Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP)
